How 4 activities in L2 are achieved?


Receptive activities

   1. Reading

Ø    Level of L1 reading ability is a very strong predictor of how successful students will be in learning to read L2. This is true even when the L1 is represented in a different symbolic writing system

Ø     Learners whose L1 is written in a different writing system  from their L2 need to be able to recognize symbols in the target language as an early step 

   Table Writing system of the world


Ø   What learners need to encounter at an early stage
-     Directionality (whether that L2 is written from left to right, right to left or top to bottom)
-     Blank spaces between words
-     Punctuation

Ø    Developing fluency in reading requires acquiring sufficient knowledge of the new language elements especially vocabulary, basic grammar and discourse structure.

Example

  Unlike English, Thai writing system doesn’t have a clear spacing rule. So if English native speakers want to learn Thai literacy, they have to understand this. And for Thai people who wants to learn English literacy, they also have to understand spacing and punctuation rules.


     2. Listening

Ø    First step in making sense what people say is recognizing patterns in recurring sequences of sounds and attaching meaning to them.

Ø     Begin the process of segmenting the stream of speech into meaningful units: sound that form words, words that form phrases, and phrases that form sentences.

Ø     Require the active engagement of learners

Ø     Ear tuning or familiarization : listening to the same record repeatedly until learners can automatically recognize them.



Productive activities

Written or spoken language requires prior knowledge of vocabulary, morphology, phonology, syntax, and discourse structure to access words and combine them into phrases, clauses, and longer units of text.

   3. Writing

Ø    Writing ordinary presumes ability to read.
(The knowledge of language that can be accessed for production is only a subset of what may be used for interpretation of language that is used by others; i.e. receptive competence always exceeds productive competence)

Ø    Ability to use a new writing system.

Ø    Require extensive practice to develop automaticity.
     Ex. Some learners begin with low-level task of copying words and phrases that they remember by sight.

Ø    Learners need to reach the threshold level of L2 structural knowledge.



   4. Speaking

Ø    The language knowledge involved in bottom-up processes for speech production includes: appropriate vocabulary, features of pronunciation, grammatical pattern that convey intended meaning and understanding of discourse structure.

Ø    The top-down processes involved in speech production require content knowledge about a topic, cultural knowledge, knowledge of microsocial context such as speaker role and relationship to addressee, and appropriateness conditions (e.g. what must be said or what should be left unsaid)


Ø     Automaticity in processing

Ø     Processing online or in real time (different from writing that learners have time to revise)

Ø    Speech Acts: Utterances which fulfill attitude functions, i.e., apologize, request, deny, compliment, etc.
        Ex.   Give me your notes -- Order
               Please let me make a copy of your notes -- Request

Ø    Other aspects of speaking competence
·        Conversational structure
·        Contextualization cues
·        Communication strategies



Comments

Post a Comment

Popular Posts

How to raise a bilingual child

Image
  H i, everyone. Welcome back to my blog! Well, we’re going to talk about the topic that many people want to know.  “How to raise your child to become bilingual”, When you decide to raise your child with two or three languages, there are tons of journal or different types of methods and it’s no right or wrong. 1.     Family agreement: Even though agreement within the family is perhaps the most essential ingredient, I am sometimes asked, "What do I do if my partner doesn't want me speaking to our child in a language he doesn't understand?" An insecure spouse may fear being excluded from "the secret language" between the other parent and the child. Discuss and compromise. It is very important that couples find some solution that is acceptable to both parents as well as beneficial to the child. 2.    Enthusiastic, yet realistic: Once the idea of two languages has settled in, many people consider adding more. Usually, the number o...
Read more

Priorities for L2 use

Image
  T o be able to communicate no matter what language, you need to have the language knowledge including culture knowledge, context, content and language use. Relationship of communicative competence We can classify communicative competence by purposes for learning L2 as follows: Academic competence It occurs when learners want to use the L2 primarily as a tool scholarly research, to learn about the other subjects, and as a medium in a specific professional/occupation field. For example - If language learner plan to study the subject at an L2-medium university (i.e., a Thai student studying in the university at the US or studying in Thailand but need to do a thesis in English) - You are likely to need proficiency in L2 academic writing in order to display your knowledge on examinations that may be required for university admission and to earn academic degrees. However, it doesn’t necessarily require fluent speaking ability when you’re profici...
Read more

Let's rewrite your own definition!

Image
Good morning, guys! This is my first article in " A BILING GAL ." In order not to waste your time, I will be straight to our topic right away! As the topic above says, "Do you know what a bilingualism is?" Can you guess? A combination of the words "Bi-" which means two, and "Lingualism" which related to language. Yes, you're right but this is not all.  So, let's get to the beginning of bilingualism. In the Bible, there was Babel city where the leaders were building a tower in ordered to reach the heaven. And God punished the builder by destroying their, unity, giving them different languages. So, they couldn't work together because they couldn't understand each other's languages. It became the diversity in languages. The tower of Babel Recently, the main factors such as immigration, business travel and education are forces bringing people together. Someone acquires languages from their society ...
Read more